55 Window Palace | Bhaktapur

The 55-Window Palace (locally known as Pachpanna Jhyale Durbar) is the most iconic architectural landmark of Bhaktapur-durbar-square_bhaktapur" class="underline">Bhaktapur Durbar Square. Built in the 15th century and extensively remodeled in the early 18th century, it is considered the pinnacle of Newari woodcarving and medieval palace architecture.

Architectural & Visual Highlights

The palace is a three-story red brick structure defined by its legendary balcony.

The 55 Windows: The upper floor features a continuous row of 55 uniquely carved wooden windows. While some resemble traditional lattice slats (Tikijhya), they are all architecturally classified as windows. Each is a masterpiece of dark-stained Sal wood featuring religious motifs and floral patterns.

The Golden Gate (Sun Dhoka): Though technically the entrance to the inner Taleju temple courtyard, it is physically attached to the palace wing. It is world-renowned as the most exquisite specimen of repoussé (embossed) gilded metalwork in Nepal.

The Cornice: Between the first and second floors, a cornice features 147 small carvings of musical ragas, suggesting the palace may have historically served as a center for musical performance.

Historical Context

Origins: Originally commissioned by King Yaksha Malla in 1427 CE.

Refinement: It reached its current ornate form during the reign of King Bhupatindra Malla (1696–1722), a prolific builder who also commissioned the Nyatapola Temple. It was finally completed under his son, King Ranjit Malla, in 1754.

Survivability: The palace was severely damaged in the 1934 earthquake and rebuilt. While it survived the 2015 earthquake with minor structural damage, the exterior facade remains well-preserved.

Interior & Murals

Historically, the interior of the first floor was decorated with rare tempera wall paintings. These murals depict Hindu deities (including a central figure of Shiva Vishworupa), royal hunting scenes, and self-portraits of King Bhupatindra Malla and Queen Vishwo Lakshmi.

Current Status: While the exterior is fully visible, the specific room containing the 55 windows is generally closed to the public for conservation. However, the ground floor and adjacent wing house the National Art Gallery.

Logistics for Visitors

Entry Fee: Included in the general Bhaktapur Durbar Square ticket (1,800 NPR for foreign nationals).

National Art Gallery: Open daily 10:00 AM – 5:00 PM (Closed Tuesdays). This museum provides access to the interior courtyard and displays rare palm-leaf manuscripts and thangkas.

Best Time for Photography: Early morning (07:00–09:00) or late afternoon (16:00–18:00) provides the best lighting on the dark wood of the windows.

Nearby Landmarks

The Golden Gate: Immediately adjacent to the palace.

Statue of Bhupatindra Malla: Located on a high pillar directly in front of the palace entrance.

Vatsala Durga Temple: Just west of the palace wing.

Naga Pokhari: A royal ritual water tank located behind the palace wing.