National Elk Refuge | Jackson Hole

The National Elk Refuge is a protected area located in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA. It serves as a winter range for elk and other wildlife.

Visual Characteristics

The refuge encompasses approximately 24,700 acres of varied terrain. This includes sagebrush steppe, willow and aspen riparian areas, and coniferous forests. The landscape is characterized by open meadows and rolling hills, with the Teton Range providing a backdrop to the north. Water features include the Gros Ventre River and Flat Creek.

Location & Access Logistics

The refuge is situated immediately north of the town of Jackson, Wyoming. Access is via US Highway 89/191/26. The main entrance is approximately 1 mile north of the Jackson Town Square. Ample parking is available at the visitor center and designated pull-offs along the main refuge road. Public transportation options to Jackson are limited; however, local shuttle services may operate seasonally within the town and to nearby attractions.

Historical & Ecological Origin

Established in 1912, the National Elk Refuge was created to provide a winter feeding ground for the declining Jackson Hole elk herd. It is a designated National Wildlife Refuge managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Ecologically, it is part of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, supporting a diverse array of wildlife.

Key Highlights & Activities

Visitors can observe elk and bison from designated viewing areas, particularly during winter months when feeding occurs. Wildlife drives are permitted on the main refuge road. Photography of wildlife and landscapes is a primary activity. Interpretive programs are offered at the visitor center during operating hours. Cross-country skiing and snowshoeing are permitted on designated trails during winter.

Infrastructure & Amenities

A visitor center is located at the main entrance, offering exhibits and information. Restrooms are available at the visitor center and at select pull-off points. Limited shade is available in riparian areas. Cell phone signal (4G/5G) is generally available in the town of Jackson but can be intermittent within the refuge itself. No food vendors are located within the refuge; food services are available in the town of Jackson.

Best Time to Visit

For viewing elk feeding, the months of December through March are optimal, typically occurring in the late afternoon. Spring (April-May) offers opportunities to observe calving and migratory birds. Summer (June-August) provides access to hiking trails and general wildlife viewing. Autumn (September-November) is characterized by elk rutting activity and changing foliage.

Facts & Legends

The National Elk Refuge is the largest winter elk herd in the world. A unique aspect of the refuge is the supplemental feeding program for elk, which began in the early 20th century to prevent overgrazing and competition with livestock. Visitors should maintain a minimum distance of 25 yards from elk and bison.

Nearby Landmarks

• Grand Teton National Park (0.5km North)
• Town of Jackson (2km South)
• National Museum of Wildlife Art (3km South)
• Snow King Mountain Resort (4km South)
• National Museum of the American Indian (4km South)